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Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination

Received: 14 February 2020     Accepted: 28 February 2020     Published: 20 June 2020
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Abstract

Cohabitating nature of cockroach with humans is on the increase in most rural and underdeveloped areas of Cross River State including Calabar South. It is therefore important to screen the bacterial carriage of this pest because of shared ecological niche. Sticky trap method was used to capture the pest and properly identify by an Entomologist Dr Ogban, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar. They were killed using chloroform. Pour plating culturing technique was used for bacterial isolation, isolates were characterized and identified using standard bacteriological methods. The research result reveals eleven (11) bacterial species (Bacillus, Klebsiella, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Proteus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella and Enterococcus). E. coli Klebsiella and Bacillus were the most frequently isolated organisms from the external surface of latrines and living house cockroaches. Klebsiella, E. coli and Enterococcus species were predominant in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of cockroaches from same ecological niche except that in living houses, the presence of Enterococcus species were insignificance compare to other isolates. There was a significant difference at P = .05 in isolates from cockroaches captured from latrines area to those from living houses. The degree of contamination based on sum total of each isolate from External and GIT parts of cockroaches from both experimental niche was; E. coli > Klebsiella > S. aureus > Bacillus > Shigella > P. aeruginosa = Samonella = Enterococcus > Streptococcus > S. epidermidis > Proteus. This study encourages the use of some natural and home friendly cockroach eradication techniques that pose no harm to home dwellers and it environ. This include timely removal of bushes around the living environ, frequent sealing of cracks around the kitchens, and bathrooms to reduce potential hidings areas. Getting rids of all foods remains on kitchen tables, floor etc. Application of boil mint leaves at different corners of the house. These will naturally scare the presence of this pest from human habitation and serve as a better strategy to minimize cockroach-associated infections.

Published in American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 8, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12
Page(s) 41-45
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cockroach, External Body Surface, Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), Latrines, Living Houses, E. coli, Klebsiella and Bacillus Species

References
[1] Mohs, K, McGee, I (2007). Animal Planet: the most extreme bugs (Ist Edition), John Wiley and Sons. P. 35.
[2] Hassan, N (2010). An Overview of German cockroach, Blattella germanica, Studies Conducted in Iran. Pakistan. Journal of Biological Sciences. 13 (22): 1077-1084.
[3] Taha, M., Fatima, M., Souad, EI- h., Samir, T., Rochdi, M., and Haroun, C (2014). Bacterial load of German cockroach (Blattella germanica) found in hospital environment. Pathology Global Health. 108 (3): 141–147.
[4] Isaac, C., Orue, P. O., Inyamu, M. I., Ehiaghe, J. I., and Isaac, O. (2014). Comparative Analysis of Pathogenic Organisms in Cockroaches from Different Community Settings in Edo State, Nigeria, Korean J. of Parasitology. 52 (2): 177–181.
[5] Fakoorziba, M. R., Eghbal, F., Hassanzadeh, J., Moemenbellah-Fard, M. D. (2010). Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica) as potential vectors of the pathogenic bacteria found in nosocomial infections. Annual Tropical Medical Parasitology. 104 (6): 521-8.
[6] Tatfeng, Y. M., Usuanlele, M. U., Orukpe, A., Digban, A. K., Okodua, M., Oviasogie, F., Turay, A. A. (2005). Mechanical transmission of pathogenic organisms: the role of cockroaches. J. Vector Borne Diseases. 42 (4): 129-34.
[7] Salehzadeh, A., Tavacol, P., Mahjub, H. (2007). Bacterial, fungal and parasitic contamination of cockroaches in public hospitals of Hamadan, Iran. Journal Vector Borne Diseases. 44 (2): 105-10.
[8] Vila, J. E., Sáez-López, J. R., Johnson, U., Römling, U., Dobrindt, R., Cantón, C. G., Giske, T., Naas, A. (2016). Carattoli M, Martínez M. Escherichia coli: an old friend with new tidings, FEMS Microbiol. Reviews, 40 (4) 437– 463.
[9] Michelle, K., Paczosa, J. M. (2016). Klebsiella pneumoniae: Going on the Offense with a Strong Defense. Microbiol. and Molecul. Biology Review. 00078-15.
[10] Mpuchane, S., Allorey, J., Marsheka, I., Simpanya, M., Coetzee, S., Jordaan, A., Mrema, N.. and Gashe, B. A. (2006). Carriage of Microorganisms by domestic cockroaches and implications on food safety. AJFAND. 26 (3) 166-175.
[11] Feleke, M., Setegn, E., Mengistu, E., Kahsay, H., Dagnachew, M., Tigist, F., Fisha, G. S., Getenet, A., and Raja, N. (2016). Cockroaches as a Source of High Bacterial Pathogens with Multidrug Resistant Strains in Gondar Town, Ethiopia. Biomedical Research International. 2825056.
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  • APA Style

    Ekong Mercy Okon, Tarh Jacqueline Ebob, Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma. (2020). Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 8(3), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12

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    ACS Style

    Ekong Mercy Okon; Tarh Jacqueline Ebob; Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma. Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination. Am. J. BioSci. Bioeng. 2020, 8(3), 41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12

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    AMA Style

    Ekong Mercy Okon, Tarh Jacqueline Ebob, Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma. Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination. Am J BioSci Bioeng. 2020;8(3):41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12,
      author = {Ekong Mercy Okon and Tarh Jacqueline Ebob and Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma},
      title = {Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination},
      journal = {American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
      volume = {8},
      number = {3},
      pages = {41-45},
      doi = {10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bio.20200803.12},
      abstract = {Cohabitating nature of cockroach with humans is on the increase in most rural and underdeveloped areas of Cross River State including Calabar South. It is therefore important to screen the bacterial carriage of this pest because of shared ecological niche. Sticky trap method was used to capture the pest and properly identify by an Entomologist Dr Ogban, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar. They were killed using chloroform. Pour plating culturing technique was used for bacterial isolation, isolates were characterized and identified using standard bacteriological methods. The research result reveals eleven (11) bacterial species (Bacillus, Klebsiella, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Proteus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella and Enterococcus). E. coli Klebsiella and Bacillus were the most frequently isolated organisms from the external surface of latrines and living house cockroaches. Klebsiella, E. coli and Enterococcus species were predominant in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of cockroaches from same ecological niche except that in living houses, the presence of Enterococcus species were insignificance compare to other isolates. There was a significant difference at P = .05 in isolates from cockroaches captured from latrines area to those from living houses. The degree of contamination based on sum total of each isolate from External and GIT parts of cockroaches from both experimental niche was; E. coli > Klebsiella > S. aureus > Bacillus > Shigella > P. aeruginosa = Samonella = Enterococcus > Streptococcus > S. epidermidis > Proteus. This study encourages the use of some natural and home friendly cockroach eradication techniques that pose no harm to home dwellers and it environ. This include timely removal of bushes around the living environ, frequent sealing of cracks around the kitchens, and bathrooms to reduce potential hidings areas. Getting rids of all foods remains on kitchen tables, floor etc. Application of boil mint leaves at different corners of the house. These will naturally scare the presence of this pest from human habitation and serve as a better strategy to minimize cockroach-associated infections.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination
    AU  - Ekong Mercy Okon
    AU  - Tarh Jacqueline Ebob
    AU  - Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12
    T2  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
    JF  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
    JO  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
    SP  - 41
    EP  - 45
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5893
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12
    AB  - Cohabitating nature of cockroach with humans is on the increase in most rural and underdeveloped areas of Cross River State including Calabar South. It is therefore important to screen the bacterial carriage of this pest because of shared ecological niche. Sticky trap method was used to capture the pest and properly identify by an Entomologist Dr Ogban, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar. They were killed using chloroform. Pour plating culturing technique was used for bacterial isolation, isolates were characterized and identified using standard bacteriological methods. The research result reveals eleven (11) bacterial species (Bacillus, Klebsiella, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Proteus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella and Enterococcus). E. coli Klebsiella and Bacillus were the most frequently isolated organisms from the external surface of latrines and living house cockroaches. Klebsiella, E. coli and Enterococcus species were predominant in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of cockroaches from same ecological niche except that in living houses, the presence of Enterococcus species were insignificance compare to other isolates. There was a significant difference at P = .05 in isolates from cockroaches captured from latrines area to those from living houses. The degree of contamination based on sum total of each isolate from External and GIT parts of cockroaches from both experimental niche was; E. coli > Klebsiella > S. aureus > Bacillus > Shigella > P. aeruginosa = Samonella = Enterococcus > Streptococcus > S. epidermidis > Proteus. This study encourages the use of some natural and home friendly cockroach eradication techniques that pose no harm to home dwellers and it environ. This include timely removal of bushes around the living environ, frequent sealing of cracks around the kitchens, and bathrooms to reduce potential hidings areas. Getting rids of all foods remains on kitchen tables, floor etc. Application of boil mint leaves at different corners of the house. These will naturally scare the presence of this pest from human habitation and serve as a better strategy to minimize cockroach-associated infections.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria

  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria

  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria

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