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Modified Atkins Diet Delayed the Onset of Epileptogenesis, Improved Motor Coordination and Enhanced Learning Memory in Mice

Received: 29 December 2022     Accepted: 25 January 2023     Published: 4 March 2023
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Abstract

Modified Atkins diet is a high fat, moderate protein and carbohydrate diet that has long been used to manage intractable epilepsy in developed countries. However, the use of this diet for same condition is uncommon in most low- and middle-income countries including Nigeria. In a previous research, we formulated modified Atkins diet using cheap and locally-available food materials in Nigeria. This research is thus, aimed at evaluating the effect of the formulated modified Atkins diet on seizure plasticity using the PTZ-induced kindling model of seizure. We also investigated the effect of sub-chronic use (60 days) of the diet on motor coordination using positional sense test and on visual-spatial reference and learning memory using Morris-water maze. The result revealed that the formulated modified Atkins diet significantly (p<0.05) increased seizure plasticity by reducing the severity of seizure as well as delaying the onset of tonic-clonic seizure and death. The diet also enhanced motor coordination, and improved learning memory, but not reference memory in mice. We therefore concluded that the formulated modified Atkins diet may be of benefit in the management of intractable/treatment-resistant epilepsy, especially in patients who are already suffering from amnesia and/or postural instability since the diet was able to offer protection against seizure-induced memory loss and motor-incoordination in mice.

Published in American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.bio.20231101.11
Page(s) 1-6
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nigerian-Made, Modified Atkins Diet, PTZ-Induced Kindling, Epileptogenesis, Epilepsy

References
[1] WHO. Epilepsy. World Health Organization Epilepsy Fact Sheet. 2019. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy
[2] Mazarati A. Epilepsy and forgetfulness: one impairment, multiple mechanisms. Epilepsy Curr. 2008; 8 (1): 25-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1535-7511.2007.00224.x.
[3] Nunes VD, Sawyer L, Neilson J, Sarri G, and Cross JH. “Diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children: summary of updated NICE guidance BMJ, 2012: 344, 281.
[4] Meira, I. D. A., Romão, T. T., Prado, H. J. Pd., Conceição, aP. Od., Krüger, L. T., and Pires M. E. P. Ketogenic Diet and Epilepsy: What We Know So Far. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2019, 13.
[5] Kossoff, E. H., McGrogan, J. R., Bluml, R. M., Pillas, D. J., Rubenstein, J. E, and Vining, E. P. A Modified Atkins Diet Is Effective for the Treatment of Intractable Pediatric Epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2006: 47 (2), 421-424.
[6] Kossoff, E. H., Rowley, H., Sinha, S. R., and Vining, E. P. A prospective study of the modified Atkins diet for intractable epilepsy in adults. epilepsia, 2008: 49 (2), 316-319.
[7] Sudha KK, Elizabeth GN, Carol SC and Kossoff EH. Dietary therapies for epilepsy: Future research. PMC, 2018: 22 (1), 17–22. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.02.018.
[8] Salaudeen MA, Magaji MG, Zezi AU. Paradoxical Seizure Effect of Modified Atkins Diet in Mice. Nig J Pharm Scis, 2020: 19 (1): 121-125.
[9] Qian Z, Carl ES, Dong DF, Yingchu H and Gregory H. Detrimental Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Cognitive Function in Rats. International Pediatric Research Foundation, 2004: 55 (3), 498-506. doi: 10.1203/01.PDR.0000112032.47575.D1.
[10] Shimada T and Yamagata K. Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Mouse Model. J Vis Exp. 2018: 12; (136): 56573.
[11] Holmes, G. L. What constitutes a relevant animal model of the ketogenic diet? Epilepsia, 49 (Suppl. 8): 57–60, 2008.
[12] Schmidt J. Changes in seizure susceptibility in rats following chronic administration of pentylenetetrazol. Biomed Biochim Acta. 1987; 46 (4): 267-70.
[13] Gower, A. J., Hirsch, E., Boehrer, A., Noyer, M. and Marescaux, C. Effects of levetiracetam, a novel antiepileptic drug, on convulsant activity in two genetic rat models of epilepsy. Epilepsy Res., 1995: 22, 207-213.
[14] Masino, S. A., Kawamura, J. M and Ruskin, D. N. Adenosine receptors and epilepsy: current evidence and future potential. Int Rev Neurobiol 2014: 119, 233–255.
[15] Heena T and Suhel P. Curcumin and mitochondria in Mitochondrial Physiology and Vegetal Molecules. 2021.
[16] Calderón, N., Betancourt, L., Hernández, L. and Rada, P. A ketogenic diet modifies glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid and agmatine levels in the hippocampus of rats: A microdialysis study. Neuroscience Letters, 2017: 642, 158-162.
[17] Rayner, G., Jackson, G. D. and Wilson, S. J. Mechanism of memory impairment in epilepsy depend on age at disease onset. Neurology, 2016, 87: 1645-1649.
[18] Vorhees CV and Williams MT. Morris water maze: procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory. Nat Protoc, 2006, 1 (2): 848-58.
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  • APA Style

    Maryam Adenike Salaudeen, Mohammed Garba Magaji, Abdulkadir Umar Zezi. (2023). Modified Atkins Diet Delayed the Onset of Epileptogenesis, Improved Motor Coordination and Enhanced Learning Memory in Mice. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 11(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20231101.11

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    ACS Style

    Maryam Adenike Salaudeen; Mohammed Garba Magaji; Abdulkadir Umar Zezi. Modified Atkins Diet Delayed the Onset of Epileptogenesis, Improved Motor Coordination and Enhanced Learning Memory in Mice. Am. J. BioSci. Bioeng. 2023, 11(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20231101.11

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    AMA Style

    Maryam Adenike Salaudeen, Mohammed Garba Magaji, Abdulkadir Umar Zezi. Modified Atkins Diet Delayed the Onset of Epileptogenesis, Improved Motor Coordination and Enhanced Learning Memory in Mice. Am J BioSci Bioeng. 2023;11(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20231101.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.bio.20231101.11,
      author = {Maryam Adenike Salaudeen and Mohammed Garba Magaji and Abdulkadir Umar Zezi},
      title = {Modified Atkins Diet Delayed the Onset of Epileptogenesis, Improved Motor Coordination and Enhanced Learning Memory in Mice},
      journal = {American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
      volume = {11},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-6},
      doi = {10.11648/j.bio.20231101.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20231101.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bio.20231101.11},
      abstract = {Modified Atkins diet is a high fat, moderate protein and carbohydrate diet that has long been used to manage intractable epilepsy in developed countries. However, the use of this diet for same condition is uncommon in most low- and middle-income countries including Nigeria. In a previous research, we formulated modified Atkins diet using cheap and locally-available food materials in Nigeria. This research is thus, aimed at evaluating the effect of the formulated modified Atkins diet on seizure plasticity using the PTZ-induced kindling model of seizure. We also investigated the effect of sub-chronic use (60 days) of the diet on motor coordination using positional sense test and on visual-spatial reference and learning memory using Morris-water maze. The result revealed that the formulated modified Atkins diet significantly (p) increased seizure plasticity by reducing the severity of seizure as well as delaying the onset of tonic-clonic seizure and death. The diet also enhanced motor coordination, and improved learning memory, but not reference memory in mice. We therefore concluded that the formulated modified Atkins diet may be of benefit in the management of intractable/treatment-resistant epilepsy, especially in patients who are already suffering from amnesia and/or postural instability since the diet was able to offer protection against seizure-induced memory loss and motor-incoordination in mice.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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    T1  - Modified Atkins Diet Delayed the Onset of Epileptogenesis, Improved Motor Coordination and Enhanced Learning Memory in Mice
    AU  - Maryam Adenike Salaudeen
    AU  - Mohammed Garba Magaji
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    T2  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
    JF  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
    JO  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
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    AB  - Modified Atkins diet is a high fat, moderate protein and carbohydrate diet that has long been used to manage intractable epilepsy in developed countries. However, the use of this diet for same condition is uncommon in most low- and middle-income countries including Nigeria. In a previous research, we formulated modified Atkins diet using cheap and locally-available food materials in Nigeria. This research is thus, aimed at evaluating the effect of the formulated modified Atkins diet on seizure plasticity using the PTZ-induced kindling model of seizure. We also investigated the effect of sub-chronic use (60 days) of the diet on motor coordination using positional sense test and on visual-spatial reference and learning memory using Morris-water maze. The result revealed that the formulated modified Atkins diet significantly (p) increased seizure plasticity by reducing the severity of seizure as well as delaying the onset of tonic-clonic seizure and death. The diet also enhanced motor coordination, and improved learning memory, but not reference memory in mice. We therefore concluded that the formulated modified Atkins diet may be of benefit in the management of intractable/treatment-resistant epilepsy, especially in patients who are already suffering from amnesia and/or postural instability since the diet was able to offer protection against seizure-induced memory loss and motor-incoordination in mice.
    VL  - 11
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Author Information
  • Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

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